Accounting principles

Tamro Corporation’s financial statements and consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Finnish legislation, which in all material respects is based on the provisions of EU Directives 4 and 7.
Tamro Group’s parent company is Phoenix Pharmahandel AG & Co KG, located in Mannheim, Germany.

Scope of the consolidated financial statements

The financial statements include the Parent Company as well as those Finnish and overseas subsidiaries in which the Parent Company holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50 per cent of the voting rights. The subsidiaries acquired during the financial year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. If a subsidiary is divested before the close of the financial year, its figures are included in the consolidated financial statements until the time of sale.

The consolidated financial statements do not include certain smaller non-operating companies. The companies excluded from the consolidated financial statements have no significant effect on the true and fair view on Group’s result and financial position.

The financial statement data on associated companies have been consolidated using the equity method. Associated companies are defined as companies in which the Group holds 20 to 50 per cent of the voting rights. Tamro’s share of ZAO Rosta’s result is not included in the Group accounts as it is unfeasible to receive the financial information within the set timeframe for preparing the Group accounts. Certain small associated companies have not been included in the consolidated financial statements. The effect of these companies on the true and fair view on Group’s result and financial position is insignificant.

Consolidation principles

Both the purchase method and the pooling-of-interests method have been used when preparing the consolidated financial statements.

Pooling method
Tamro AB and Nomeco A/S are consolidated using the pooling-of-interests method. The acquisition cost of the subsidiaries’ shares is first eliminated from the subsidiary’s restricted equity at the beginning of the financial year of acquisition, then from the premium fund created in connection with Tamro Corporation’s private placement, and, lastly, from the Group’s other non-restricted equity available for dividends. Thus the acquisitions do not create consolidated goodwill.

Purchase method
The acquisition cost method is used in the elimination of inter-subsidiary shareholdings. The difference between the acquisition cost of subsidiary shares and the shareholders’ equity is allocated to the fixed assets of the subsidiaries. The consolidated goodwill remaining after the allocations is posted in the balance sheet as a separate item that will be amortised over a period of 10 years. However, goodwill from certain strategic and significant acquisitions may be amortised over a period of up to 20 years. Negative goodwill is included as income during economic lifetime.

Foreign subsidiaries and translation differences

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries have been converted and restated to correspond to the Finnish Accounting Act.

The income statements have been converted into euro at the weighted average rate of the financial year and the balance sheets at the foreign exchange mid-rate quoted by the European Central Bank on the balance sheet date. Translation differences have been recorded directly into equity. Exchange rate differences from the Parent Company’s long-term intra-Group loan receivable from the Swedish subsidiary has been posted directly under translation differences in the consolidated accounts. The loan is considered equity by nature.

Minority interest

The minority interest is calculated as a portion of the subsidiaries’ equity and net income unless otherwise agreed in the shareholders’ agreement, etc.

Duration of the financial year

The financial year of all Group companies is 1st February – 31st January.

Intra-Group transactions

The following intra-Group transactions have been eliminated: sales and purchases, dividend payments, receivables and liabilities as well as the gross margin included in the value of inventories and fixed assets acquired from other Group companies. Internal profits between the Group and associated companies are eliminated in proportion to the ownership share and deducted from the consolidated retained earnings and non-current assets. The eliminated profit is recognised in revenue at the rate of depreciation.

Fixed assets

Fixed assets are posted to the balance sheet at their direct acquisition costs, allowing for depreciation according to plan. Some real-estate holdings include revaluation, as specified in the Notes to the balance sheets. The revaluation surplus is not subject to depreciation.

The depreciation according to plan on fixed assets is based on the original acquisition cost and the expected economic life of the item. For the most part, the straight-line method is used applying the following useful lives:

Capitalised interest

Interest expenses incurred during the construction of the parent company’s office building and warehouse have been capitalised and included in the acquisition cost of buildings. The capitalised interest has been amortised over a period of 10 years.  

Leasing

Operating leases are charged to rental expense. Finance lease contracts are capitalised in the balance sheet. Leasing commitments are disclosed in the Notes to the financial statements.

Accounting for IT costs

Software purchase costs are mainly capitalised and posted in the balance sheet as intangible rights. Software is depreciated over a maximum period of 5 years. Minor software purchases are charged directly to income. Significant in-house and outsourced IT development costs are capitalised in the balance sheet.

Research and development

The Group R&D expenses are charged directly to income.

Financial investments and debt securities

Financial investments and debt securities are included in short-term investments under current assets. Debt securities are valued at the adjusted acquisition cost or market value, whichever is lower. There are no material long-term financial investments at year-end.

Derivative financial instruments

Currency derivatives are used to hedge balance sheet positions and the exchange rate difference caused by the derivatives are booked to the financial income or expenses in the profit and loss statement. The currency derivative contracts are valued at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. The interest difference related to derivatives are periodized over time to the profit and loss statement.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lowest of their acquisition cost, replacement value or probable selling price. Materials and supplies use is recorded under the FIFO principle.

Foreign-currency denominated receivables and liabilities 

All the foreign currency receivables and liabilities of the Parent Company and its Finnish subsidiaries have been converted into euro at the mid-rate quoted by the European Central Bank on the balance sheet date. Foreign subsidiaries’ foreign-currency-denominated receivables and liabilities are converted at their appropriate exchange rates on the balance sheet date. Open positions on foreign-exchange forward contracts are valued at their market price on the balance sheet date and the exchange rate differences are posted under financial items on the income statement.

Pension liabilities

Pension expenses are calculated in accordance with the national legislation of each country. The pension plans of the Group companies have, as a general rule, been arranged with external pension insurance companies. Certain pension obligations based on collective bargaining agreements are included under long-term pension loans or receivables, if surplus, in the balance sheet. These pension benefits are determined by the labour market and cannot be influenced by the company.

Year-end tax appropriations and untaxed reserves

Appropriations include allocations to untaxed reserves, mainly in the form of accelerated depreciation.

In the income statement of the Parent Company, the difference between depreciation according to plan and accelerated cost recovery is transferred to untaxed reserves. The accumulated temporary depreciation difference is shown as an item under untaxed reserves in the balance sheet.

The consolidated balance sheet and the income statement are presented without any untaxed reserves and appropriations. The untaxed reserves of the Group companies break down into deferred income tax liability, shown as a long-term liability, and non-restricted equity. The appropriations made by Group companies, adjusted for the change in the deferred income tax liability, have correspondingly been eliminated from the consolidated income statement.

The untaxed reserves, net of deferred income tax liability, may not be distributed to shareholders as dividend.

Obligatory reserves

The obligatory reserves in the balance sheet are defined as commitments related to the current or prior financial years which are certain or likely to materialise on the balance sheet but where there is uncertainty as to the amount or the timing of the obligation.  

The estimated reserves are based on information available on the balance sheet date. Any income-impacting changes in obligatory reserves are included in the income statement item(s) to which they relate by their nature.

Net sales

The net sales consist of sales revenue from ordinary operations, rentals and leases as well as minor gains from the sale of fixed assets. The net sales are stated net of indirect taxes, sale discounts and credits (refunds).

Other income

Other income consists of capital gains on the divested long-term investments.  

Extraordinary income and expense

Extraordinary income and expense items consist of significant, unusual business transactions incidental to the Group’s normal operations. In the Parent Company, Group contributions paid and/or received have also been recorded under extraordinary items.

Income taxes

The consolidated income tax charges of the Group companies' normal operations have been calculated in accordance with the local tax laws of the relevant country of operation. The taxes include income taxes incurred for the financial year as well as taxes to be paid or received for prior periods on an accrual basis. Moreover, any change in the deferred tax liability is included in the taxes. The change in the deferred income tax includes tax effects of temporary differences, confirmed tax losses, changes in untaxed reserves and consolidation adjustments to net income.

The consolidated cash flow statement

The cash flow statement has been disclosed according to the indirect method where cash flows have been derived from adjusting net income for transactions of a non-cash nature such as depreciation. Capital investments in the consolidated cash flow statement include significant acquisitions and divestitures of companies valued at the sale price of the shares. The profit and loss statement and balance sheet effect due from significant divestments are excluded on the lines in the cash flow statement. Share transactions paid partly in kind (share swaps) are included in the cash flow statement only up to the cash amount paid or received.

Differences between annual report and official financial statements

This annual report deviates from the official accounts in that financial data are partly presented in EUR millions.